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  Discussion on Research Summary: Repeated Vaccination to EHV-1
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DrO

Posted on Saturday, Oct 3, 2015 - 12:00 pm:

Using this study it is fairly hard to make any firm decisions about proper protocol for vaccinating for EHV1 but does have one finding that may have current practical significance: following the initial series of 2 injections in the cases where boosters were given at about 2 months out, there was a decrease in immunity to EHV-1. This may explain the reason that recently vaccinated horses are at more risk for more severe disease. More work will need to be done to optimize protection and it is uncertain if this applies to live (MLV) vaccine. For more on this see the article associated with this discussion area by clicking on the link above.
DrO

Vaccine. 2015 Sep 15.
Antibody and cellular immune responses of naïve mares to repeated vaccination with an inactivated equine herpesvirus vaccine.
Wagner B1, Goodman LB2, Babasyan S2, Freer H2, Torsteinsdóttir S3, Svansson V3, Björnsdóttir S4, Perkins GA5.


Abstract

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) continues to cause severe outbreaks of abortions or myeloencephalopathy in horses despite widely used vaccination. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of frequent vaccination with an inactivated EHV vaccine on immune development in horses. Fifteen EHV-1 naïve mares were vaccinated a total of 5 times over a period of 8 months with intervals of 20, 60, 90 and 60 days between vaccine administrations. Total antibody and antibody isotype responses were evaluated with a new sensitive EHV-1 Multiplex assay to glycoprotein C (gC) and gD for up to 14 months after initial vaccination. Antibodies peaked after the first two vaccine doses and then declined despite a third administration of the vaccine. The fourth vaccine dose was given at 6 months and the gC and gD antibody titers increased again. Mixed responses with increasing gC but decreasing gD antibody values were observed after the fifth vaccination at 8 months. IgG4/7 isotype responses mimicked the total Ig antibody production to vaccination most closely. Vaccination also induced short-lasting IgG1 antibodies to gC, but not to gD. EHV-1-specific cellular immunity induced by vaccination developed slower than antibodies, was dominated by IFN-γ producing T-helper 1 (Th1) cells, and was significantly increased compared to pre-vaccination values after administration of 3 vaccine doses. Decreased IFN-γ production and reduced Th1-cell induction were also observed after the second and fourth vaccination. Overall, repeated EHV vaccine administration did not always result in increasing immunity. The adverse effects on antibody and cellular immunity that were observed here when the EHV vaccine was given in short intervals might in part explain why EHV-1 outbreaks are observed worldwide despite widely used vaccination. The findings warrant further evaluation of immune responses to EHV vaccines to optimize vaccination protocols for different vaccines and horse groups at risk.
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