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Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy in Gypsy Vanner horses
J Vet Intern Med. 2024 Apr 13. doi: 10.1111/jvim.17062. Online ahead of print.
Authors
Alexis Powers 1 , Simon F Peek 1 , Steve Reed 2 , Callum G Donnelly 3 , Stacey Tinkler 4 , David Gasper 5 , Kevin D Woolard 6 , Carrie J Finno 3
Affiliations1 Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
2 Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, 2150 Georgetown Road, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA.
3 Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
4 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
5 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
6 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.PMID: 38613444
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17062Abstract
Background: Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects young, genetically predisposed horses that are deficient in vitamin E. Equine NAD/EDM has not previously been documented in Gypsy Vanner horses (GVs).
Objectives: To evaluate: (1) the clinical phenotype, blood vitamin E concentrations before and after supplementation and pedigree in a cohort of GV horses with a high prevalence of neurologic disease suspicious for eNAD/EDM and (2) to confirm eNAD/EDM in GVs through postmortem evaluation.
Animals: Twenty-six GVs from 1 farm in California and 2 cases from the Midwestern U.S.
Methods: Prospective observational study on Californian horses; all 26 GVs underwent neurologic examination. Pre-supplementation blood vitamin E concentration was assessed in 17- GVs. Twenty-three were supplemented orally with 10 IU/kg of liquid RRR-alpha-tocopherol once daily for 28 days. Vitamin E concentration was measured in 23 GVs after supplementation, of which 15 (65%) had pre-supplementation measurements. Two clinically affected GVs from California and the 2 Midwestern cases had necropsy confirmation of eNAD/EDM.
Results: Pre-supplementation blood vitamin E concentration was ≤2.0 μg/mL in 16/17 (94%) of GVs from California. Post-supplementation concentration varied, with a median of 3.39 μg/mL (range, 1.23-13.87 μg/mL), but only 12/23 (52%) were normal (≥3.0 μg/mL). Normalization of vitamin E was significantly associated with increasing age (P = .02). Euthanized horses (n = 4) had eNAD/EDM confirmed at necropsy.
Conclusions and clinical importance: GVs could have a genetic predisposition to eNAD/EDM. Vitamin E supplementation should be considered and monitored in young GVs.
Keywords: alpha‐tocopherol; genetic; inherited; vitamin E.
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
21 references
J Vet Intern Med. 2024 Apr 13. doi: 10.1111/jvim.17062. Online ahead of print.
Authors
Alexis Powers 1 , Simon F Peek 1 , Steve Reed 2 , Callum G Donnelly 3 , Stacey Tinkler 4 , David Gasper 5 , Kevin D Woolard 6 , Carrie J Finno 3
Affiliations1 Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
2 Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, 2150 Georgetown Road, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA.
3 Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
4 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
5 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
6 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.PMID: 38613444
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17062Abstract
Background: Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects young, genetically predisposed horses that are deficient in vitamin E. Equine NAD/EDM has not previously been documented in Gypsy Vanner horses (GVs).
Objectives: To evaluate: (1) the clinical phenotype, blood vitamin E concentrations before and after supplementation and pedigree in a cohort of GV horses with a high prevalence of neurologic disease suspicious for eNAD/EDM and (2) to confirm eNAD/EDM in GVs through postmortem evaluation.
Animals: Twenty-six GVs from 1 farm in California and 2 cases from the Midwestern U.S.
Methods: Prospective observational study on Californian horses; all 26 GVs underwent neurologic examination. Pre-supplementation blood vitamin E concentration was assessed in 17- GVs. Twenty-three were supplemented orally with 10 IU/kg of liquid RRR-alpha-tocopherol once daily for 28 days. Vitamin E concentration was measured in 23 GVs after supplementation, of which 15 (65%) had pre-supplementation measurements. Two clinically affected GVs from California and the 2 Midwestern cases had necropsy confirmation of eNAD/EDM.
Results: Pre-supplementation blood vitamin E concentration was ≤2.0 μg/mL in 16/17 (94%) of GVs from California. Post-supplementation concentration varied, with a median of 3.39 μg/mL (range, 1.23-13.87 μg/mL), but only 12/23 (52%) were normal (≥3.0 μg/mL). Normalization of vitamin E was significantly associated with increasing age (P = .02). Euthanized horses (n = 4) had eNAD/EDM confirmed at necropsy.
Conclusions and clinical importance: GVs could have a genetic predisposition to eNAD/EDM. Vitamin E supplementation should be considered and monitored in young GVs.
Keywords: alpha‐tocopherol; genetic; inherited; vitamin E.
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
21 references
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