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Equine Coronavirus ECoV
Equine Coronavirus ECoV
Introduction
Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is a recently recognized intestinal virus of adult horses that has been associated with fever, lethargy and anorexia, as well as colic and diarrhea. Outbreaks have been reported in Japan, Europe and the USA since 2010. Though often a nonapparent to mild disease there are exceptions with minature horses particularly susceptible. This article contains information about transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of equine coronavirus.
Transmission and Clinical Signs
ECoV is spread when contaminated feces is ingested by a susceptible horses. Infected horses can shed the virus up to 21 days following recovery. Oral contact with fecal stained floors, walls, buckets, clothing, and manure forks have all been implicated in outbreaks.
Following exposure incubation is short, 2-4 days. Clinical signs are generally absent to mild in most (80 - 90%) of the infected horses but serious illness and mortality does occur in a small present of those with clinical signs. Miniature horses appear to have a harder time with this virus. Symptoms,when they occur, include:
Due to the diarrhea and compromised bowel wall protein loss and dehydration can occur. Compromised bowel can also lead to hyperammonianemia with neurologicals signs 9less than 4%) including depression and loss of body control. If severe these may lead to death.
- Fever in 80% of the cases with symptoms which may be up to 105° F (40.5° C)
- Diarrhea occurs in less than 25% of the cases and ranges from softening to fluid like
- Loss of appetite (greater than 90%)
- Depression (90%)
- Colic or laying down frequently
- Low white blood cell count
Diagnosis
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