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Baytril (Enrofloxacin) and the Fluoroquinolones
Antibiotic:
The Use of Fluoroquinolones in Horses:- Baytril (Enrofloxacin)
- orbifloxacin,
- ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- difloxacin
Introduction
After a decade of use in small animals, studies and clinical experiences have shown that the family of fluoroquinolone antibiotics can be valuable in the treatment of infections in horses though there are some caveats. This includes the well known antibiotic Baytril (enrofloxacin) which is given by injection or orallyand the less well known members of this group that can be given orally. This article contains information about the use, contraindications, toxic effects, and dosages of these antibiotics.
Uses
Enrofloxacin is widely available and can be administered by the oral, IV, or IM routes. These antibiotics have a wide spectrum of activity but does not include Streptococcus or anerobes. It is marginally active against P. aeruginosa may require doses that have not been tested for safety in horses. That makes this class of drugs important in battling staph or gram negative bacteria where other choices like the aminoglycosides are contraindicated. Because it does not upset anaerobes it may cause less disruption to the bacteria in the GI tract.
Distribution is wide, enrofloxacin is well distributed to body fluids, crosses the blood-brain barrier, can enter abscesses, the prostate, endometrium, and bone. Excretion is primarily in bile, with a component of active drug in urine.
Recommended uses:
- Culture/susceptibility-confirmed resistant urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, and prostatitis.
- Infected wounds or deep pyoderma associated with culture-confirmed susceptible organisms, or empiric treatment of suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa (e.g. groomer-associated deep pyoderma). Also useful for treatment of otitis media/interna.
- Respiratory tract infections other than strep (Strangles), including pneumonia.
- Osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, with or without the addition of rifampin.
- Enteric infections associated with Gram-negative organisms such as E. coli (granulomatous colitis) or Campylobacter spp.
- Superficial pyoderma based on C/S.
Not recommended for:
- Anaerobic infections, including empiric treatment of cat bite abscesses.
- Treatment of Gram-positive infections without known susceptibility results.
- Treatment of urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis where culture/susceptibility demonstrates susceptibility to lower tier antimicrobials.
Toxicity
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