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Glaucoma
Glaucoma in Horses
Introduction
Glaucoma is an increase in intraocular (fluid) pressure (IOP) and is caused by several different diseases of the eye. Because of the anatomy of the horse's optic nerve it is less sensitive than other species to increased pressure but over time high pressure results in blindness. Increasingly, glaucoma is being recognized in horses though still uncommon. As tonometers become more widely used in equine practices we should expect to recognize the condition in more horses. This article discusses the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of glaucoma in horses.
Normal Physiology
Intraocular pressure (IOP) results from the rate of formation of the intraocular fluid by the ciliary body (iris) minus the rate of outflow at the corner formed where the iris joins the cornea. Normal IOP in the horse using a pen tonometer is between 7 and 37 mmHg with an average of 24 +/- 7 mmHg. Getting an accurate picture of the IOP in a horse can be a little tough however, see diagnosis for more.
Causes of Glaucoma
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