Influenza vaccination with different brands of vaccine

In this paper the chief purpose of the study was to see if boostering other brands of killed flu vaccine with Calvenza-03 would give a good response. It did. On top of that was the observation that, at least in laboratory testing, the Calvenza gave better response than the Fluvac Innovator vaccine. The clinical significance of this test finding still needs to be investigated. For more on vaccination against influenza, see the article associated with this discussion.
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Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV ® Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Feb 17;9(2):166.
Authors
Selvaraj Pavulraj 1 , Tobias Bergmann 1 , Claudia Maria Trombetta 2 , Serena Marchi 2 , Emanuele Montomoli 2 3 , Sidi Sefiane El Alami 4 , Roberto Ragni-Alunni 5 , Nikolaus Osterrieder 1 6 , Walid Azab 1
Affiliations

1 Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
2 Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
3 VisMederi srl, 53100 Siena, Italy.
4 AL-REEF Stable, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 5151, United Arab Emirates.
5 Equine Marketing Division, Boehringer Ingelheim META, Dubai P.O. Box 507066, United Arab Emirates.
6 Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China.

Abstract

Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of equines that is caused mainly by the H3N8 subtype of influenza A virus. Vaccinating horses against EI is the most effective strategy to prevent the infection. The current study aimed to compare the kinetics of EI-specific humoral- and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in horses receiving either identical or mixed vaccinations. Two groups of horses were previously (six months prior) vaccinated with either Calvenza 03 EIV EHV® (G1) or Fluvac Innovator® (G2) vaccine. Subsequently, both groups received a booster single dose of Calvenza 03 EIV EHV®. Immune responses were assessed after 10 weeks using single radial hemolysis (SRH), virus neutralization (VN), and EliSpot assays. Our results revealed that Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV®-immunized horses had significantly higher protective EI-specific SRH antibodies and VN antibodies. Booster immunization with Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV® vaccine significantly stimulated cell-mediated immune response as evidenced by significant increase in interferon-γ-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV® vaccine can be safely and effectively used for booster immunization to elicit optimal long persisting humoral and CMI responses even if the horses were previously immunized with a heterogeneous vaccine.